While liver cancer can sometimes develop without any known underlying condition, most cases happen in people who have existing liver disease. The risk is higher in those with long-term (chronic) Hepatitis B infection or liver cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), no matter what caused the scarring.
Liver cancer is diagnosed primarily through imaging tests that provide detailed pictures of the liver.
These imaging techniques help detect tumors and assess their size and location. Diagnosis and treatment involve a multidisciplinary team, including hepatologists, radiologists, oncologists, and surgeons, who work together to develop the best care plan for each patient.
Treatment options for liver cancer include surgical removal of the tumor, local ablative therapies (like radiofrequency ablation), local embolization treatments, chemotherapy, and liver transplant.
The best approach depends on the stage and extent of the cancer. A multidisciplinary team will work together to decide the most appropriate treatment plan for each individual.
The best way to reduce the risk of liver cancer is to prevent or treat the underlying liver disease, especially liver cirrhosis, which is a major risk factor. This includes early detection and management of conditions like Hepatitis B and C, alcohol-related liver disease, and fatty liver disease.
For people who already have cirrhosis, regular screening is essential. This usually involves an abdominal ultrasound every 6 months, along with blood tests to measure alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which can help detect liver cancer early.
Your hepatologist can help set up a screening plan for you. In many centers, there are automated programs that schedule your ultrasound and bloodwork every 6-months so you don’t forget or miss an appointment.